Answer:

A-B. astronomy. astrophysics. atom. beaker. …

cell. chemical. chemistry. climate. climatologist. …

D-E. data. datum. electricity. electrochemist. …

F-G. fact. flask. fossil. funnel. …

H-L. herpetology. hypothesis. ichthyology. immunology. …

magnetism. mass. matter. measure. …

O-P. observatory. observe. organism. …

Q-S. quantum mechanics. radiology. research.